Journal of Modern Classical Physics & Quantum Neuroscience

Abstract

This study interprets four major mysteries related to observation in quantum mechanics. These are based on a new interpretation of the energy–time uncertainty relation, which yields time retrogression and suggests that a quantum state’s time evolution may fluctuate if measurement fixes its energy. The resulting time-reversed state is represented by a bra vector. The time reversed bra vector and the time-evolving ket vector interact along the time axis to generate a time-invariant bra–ket state, indicating state determination. The first topic is why observation selects one state from a superposition. Among all time-reversed states, the state with the least energy dispersion reaches farthest into the past, establishing that state while the others disappear. The existence of a single state in the farthest past explains quantum state contraction induced by observation. The second topic is the spatial contraction of the wave packet upon observation. In QFT, the wave functions forming the wave packet arise from vacuum energy fluctuations which disappear through the inner product in the bra–ket state. Consequently, external vacuum energy exerts a compressive force that contracts the wave packet. This mechanism explains both state selection and spatial contraction upon observation. The third topic is long-range correlation without transmission time in quantum entanglement. This study explains that photon states go back into the past and are determined there, accounting for the simultaneous correlation between distant photons. The fourth topic is the origin of randomness in measurement outcomes. This study interprets randomness in energy dispersion as arising from phase differences between measuring-device states. Thus, the state is determined probabilistically yet deterministically through measurement. These interpretations reinforce local-reality and restore determinism in quantum mechanics.