Journal of Modern Classical Physics & Quantum Neuroscience

Abstract

This paper demonstrates evaluations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics from the standpoints of physical and biophysical concepts of information, and seeks to show that, in the evolution and growth of the universe and this solar system, stars and planets become more complex and abundant in their inorganic and organic compounds, not less, thus empirically contradicting the implications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Theory of Entropy. The paper seeks to show that there are multiple patterns in the Universe and this solar system including patterns that contradict the Second Law of Thermodynamics: these include the nuclear explosions of stars that produce increasing complexity and organic compounds, the cooling of planets that produce terrestrial planets with rock, ice, and inorganic and organic compounds, gaseous planets with complex inorganic and organic compounds, and terrestrial planets and gaseous planets that develop complex atmospheres. Moreover, there is the pattern or patterns of the emergence of life on planet Earth (and, in principle, the emergence of life on other planets in the Universe that may sustain life). Thus, the paper proposes an alternative law or principle of multiple patterns in the Universe instead of a single pattern: that there are multiple patterns of the Universe and in this solar system instead of the single pattern of heat death and disorder implied by the negativist theories of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Theory of Entropy.