Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) represent vital governers of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling-a pathway pivotal i) for neuroregeneration, ii) synaptic plasticity, as well as iii) neuronal survival. In both the central nervous system (CNS), in addition to peripheral nervous system (PNS), damage stimulated, activation of ACs facilitates axonal outgrowth in addition to working rectification via the stimulation i) of proteinkinase A (PKA), ii) exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac), along with iii) cAMP-response element-bind ing protein (CREB). Of the variable AC isoforms, calcium-sensitive AC1, AC8, as well as AC5, in addition to bicarbonate-reactive soluble AC (sAC), have advented in the form of crucial modulators of neuroplasticity along with xon regeneration. Such isoforms alignment causes diverse cellular reactions- inclusive of i) gene transcription, ii) cytoskeletal remodeling, as wellas iii) neurotransmitter liberationto i) metabolic, ii) synaptic, in addition to iii) damage correlated signals. Decontrolling of AC action has been involved in the pathophys iology of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), for instance i) Parkinson's disease (PD), ii) Alzheimer's disease (AD ), along with iii) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntingtons disease (HD) in addition to, iv) in chronic pain syndromes. Pharmacological manipulation of cAMP quantities via AC activation, phosphodi esterase (PDE) hampering, or pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activatingpolypeptide (PACAP) receptor signaling has demonstrated therapeutic attraction in preclinical models by i) escalating neurogenesis, ii) remyelination, in addition to iii) synaptic healing. On the other hand, targeted hampering of particular AC isoforms, spe cifically AC1, has illustrated effectiveness in diminishing maladaptive plasticity as well as neuropathic pain. This review emphasizes the variability in parts of ACs in neuronal working along with damage reactions as well as details genesis of approaches regarding their therapeutic targeting after earlierdetailing PD, AD, ALS, HD regarding their association with Gut Microbiota& Bile Acids (BA). among the elderly population in the community.
DOI: doi.org/10.63721/25JACNR0110
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