Journal of Clinical Oncology & Advanced Therapy

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy represents a revolutionary approach in oncology that harnesses the body’s immune system to combat cancer. Recent advances in this field have transformed treatment paradigms across multiple cancer types. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in cancer immunother apy, focusing on major therapeutic approaches, clinical applications, challenges, and future directions. Key developments include immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and cancer vaccines, which have demonstrated unprecedented clinical outcomes in selected patient populations. Despite these successes, sig nificant challenges remain, including variable response rates, immune-related adverse events, and limited accessibility. Understanding these aspects is crucial for medical students and early researchers entering this rapidly evolving field.