Journal of Nursing Research Perspectives

Abstract

The utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services remains suboptimal in many parts of Nigeria, despite national program efforts. This study examined how social factors such as awareness, accessibility, and cultural or religious beliefs influence PMTCT use among HIV-positive pregnant women attending the Primary Health Centre, West Item, Itu Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among HIV-positive pregnant women using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages to explore awareness, utilization, and the influence of structural and sociocultural factors. Ninety-four completed questionnaires were analyzed. Two-thirds of respondents (66%) had heard of PMTCT, mainly through health workers (43.6%). However, detailed knowledge of mother-to-child transmission was limited, with only 40.4% correctly identifying pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding as possible periods of transmission. More than half of respondents (58.5%) lived far from the health facility, 62.8% reported difficulty affording transport, and 64.9% cited poor road conditions as barriers to access. Although most respondents (78.7%) reported that their churches supported PMTCT, about one in five (21.3%) agreed that discussing sexual and reproductive issues was discouraged within their culture. In conclusion, the findings suggest that PMTCT utilization in the study area is shaped by a combination of knowledge gaps, structural barriers, and sociocultural influences. Strengthening facility readiness, improving transport and service accessibility, enhancing community health education, and engaging religious and cultural leaders as partners are essential strategies for improving uptake and reducing vertical HIV transmission.