Journal of Preventive Medicine & Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, claiming approximately 18.6 million lives annually, with dyslipidaemia representing a principal modifiable risk factor. Statins constitute the pharmacological cornerstone of lipid management; however, their clinical utility is constrained by statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) affecting an estimated 7–29% of users in observational registries, a worldwide prevalence of clinically defined statin intolerance of approximately 9%, suboptimal long-term adherence — with 40–75% of patients discontinuing therapy within one to two years — and persistent residual cardiovascular risk even under optimal therapy. These limitations have motivated growing interest in evidence-based nutraceutical strategies, particularly multi-compound formulations targeting complementary lipid-modulating pathways.