Journal of Preventive Medicine & Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Background and Objective: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global public health concern. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is a critical intervention for preventing HIV seroconversion following potential exposure. This study aimed to assess the success rate and determinants of PEP among HIV exposers attending the HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) Unit at Yobe State Specialist Hospital (YSSH), Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria, between January 2022 and June 2024.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional review of records from 1,076 clients who received PEP at the HCT Unit of YSSH Damaturu within the specified timeframe. Data were extracted from the National PEP register and individual treatment folders. Variables analyzed included gender, mode of exposure (categorized as occupational or non-occupational), and timing of PEP initiation. HIV seroconversion at baseline, Week 12, and Week 24 post-PEP was used to determine the success rate. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. HIV 1/2 antibodies were detected using the Determine™ HIV-1/2 in vitro diagnostic kit.

Results: Of the 1,076 clients, males constituted 50.93% (n=548) and females 49.07% (n=528), indicating a near-equal gender distribution. Non-occupational exposures overwhelmingly predominated, accounting for 99.81% (n=1,074) of cases, compared to only 0.19% (n=2) occupational exposures, both of which were nee dle stick/sharp injuries. Among non-occupational exposures, consensual sexual intercourse was the most fre quent mode (75.79%, n=814), followed by forced sexual intercourse (24.21%, n=260). Remarkably, all clients (100%, n=1,076) initiated PEP within the recommended 72-hour window, with 70.82% (n=762) presenting within 24 hours. The study recorded a 100% PEP success rate, with no documented HIV seroconversions at baseline, Week 12, or Week 24 follow-ups for any client.

Conclusion: The PEP program at Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, demonstrated exceptional effec tiveness with a 100% success rate in preventing HIV seroconversion among clients who initiated PEP. This high success rate is strongly supported by the highly commendable timely presentation of all exposed individ uals within the critical 72-hour window. The findings underscore the vital role of accessible PEP services and timely intervention in mitigating HIV transmission, particularly for non-occupational exposures. These results advocate for continued investment in and strengthening of PEP services within the region.