Journal of Preventive Medicine & Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The Cytomegalovirus is highly prevalent worldwide, the prevalence varied according to country and the ep idemiological factors and ranged from 100% in both Africa and Asia to 80% in Europe and North America. CMV establishes lifelong latency that can lead to periodic reactivation spontaneously or in conditions where immunity is suppressed. In addition, CMV can be easily transmitted from person to person by direct contact, with saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, blood, urine, tears, feces, and maternally from pregnant women to infant or by breast milk feeding. CMV infections are could be a symptomatic or asymptomatic. In fetuses CMV can cause severe disease and disabilities with mortality rate 20% to 30% and 10% to 15% of congenitally infected infants will have symptoms at birth. In Yemen the prevalence rate of CMV IgG among pregnant women ranged from 94.6% to 98.7 %.Compared from 97.9% to 100% among healthy adult male and female were seropos itive for CMV IgG respectively. In our country methods of prevention and protection against CMV are still completely absent, as blood is transfused without screening blood donors for CMV, which has exacerbated of the problem and required us to conduct in-depth and more comprehensive studies to highlight the problem re garding CMV. So we aimed this study to determine the pattern of Cytomegalovirus among Yemeni population.

Material and Method This is a cross-sectional study was conducted separately on four dotages from 2021 to 2024 in Taiz governorate at AL-Turbah City and in Sana’a Capital City-Yemen. Blood speci mens were collected from participants. The serum specimens were subjected for detection anti=CMV (IgG and IgM) by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Result A total 920 enrolled cases, 847 (92.1%) were seropositive for either of IgG or IgM or for both of (IgG and IgM) antibodies. Of these 835 (90.8%) and 141 (15.3%) were seropositive for anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies respectively. Approximately similar prevalence rate of anti-CMV Ab in Sa na’a capital city (92.6%, OR= 1.2 and P =0.542), Taiz governorate (91.5% OR= 0.9 and P =0.542)), ur ban (92.6% OR= 1.2 and P =0.513) and rural (91.4%, OR=0.9 and P =0.513) areas, where, the differ ence in the prevalence of anti-CMV Ab was statistically insignificance but the risk of infection was found high er among urban. Significantly high prevalence of anti-CMV antibodies with increasing in the risk of infection was found among married (93.0%, OR=3.4 and P =0.000), individuals who had blood transfusion (99.2%, OR=9.2and P =0.008), individual who had dental procedures (99.5%, OR=23.0 and P =0.000), illiterate (98.9%, OR=8.6 and P =0.010), and manual workers (95.8 %, OR=2.2 and P =0.033).