Journal of Scientific Engineering Advances

Abstract

Superhydrophobic core–shell nanoparticles represent an advanced material architecture in which a func tional core is encapsulated by a low–surface-energy shell, enabling precise control over wettability, stability, and interfacial behavior. The core–shell configuration decouples structural roughness and mechanical integ rity from surface chemistry, allowing the shell layer to impart superhydrophobicity while the core governs particle size, rigidity, or additional functionalities. This review article comprehensively examines the design principles, synthesis methodologies, and enhanced properties of core-shell superhydrophobic materials. The design of core–shell structured particles provides an effective strategy to achieve robust and multifunctional superhydrophobicity. In these systems, the core imparts mechanical, optical, or magnetic functionalities, while the shell contributes nanoscale roughness and low-surface-energy chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis, functionalization, and application of core–shell based superhydrophobic materials. We delve into how the distinct core and shell components synergistically contribute to mechanical robustness, chemical stability, and functional versatility. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for scal ing up and enhancing the durability of these materials are discussed.