Journal of Scientific Engineering Advances

Abstract

The world has 1.8 billion people aged 10-24, the highest ever recorded, largely due to the least developed countries. This paper examines the Situation of Demographic Dividend and employment situation in the Context of Nepal. The study uses secondary data and meta-analysis to analyze government reports, census data 2021, reports, youth policy, and related documents. Over the past 40 years, the proportion of young people in Nepal's total population has steadily increased, with the most pronounced increase between 2011 and 2021.

With a large working-age population—most commonly referred to as a "youth bulge"—that makes up 65.3% of the total population, Nepal has a demographic dividend. The 2021 census shows that 42.5% of people are between the ages of 16 and 40, which is important for promoting economic growth and innovation. According to the National Youth Policy2072 (2015), 40.3% of people are between the ages of 16 and 40, while 65.3% of people are of working age. With more than 66% of Nepalese living in cities and many looking for work overseas, urbanization is on the rise. Nonetheless, issues like the youth exodus and a 12.7% youth unemployment rate need to be addressed. The World Bank emphasizes the need for 6.5 million jobs by 2050, with a focus on job creation, education, and vocational training. To optimize demographic benefits, government action is necessary to address issues of employment, population growth, and age distribution.