Journal of Scientific Engineering Advances

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the most pressing global challenges, especially in arid regions. Traditional irrigation methods often waste water by overwatering or underwatering plants, reducing crop productivity. This project presents a smart irrigation system that uses a soil moisture sensor to monitor real-time soil conditions and automatically control water flow. The system consists of an Arduino microcontroller, a soil moisture sensor, a water pump, and a solenoid valve. When the soil moisture level drops below a set threshold, the system activates the pump and irrigates the plants until optimal moisture is achieved. The prototype reduced water consumption by up to 40% compared to manual irrigation, while maintaining healthy plant growth. This project demonstrates how low-cost smart technologies can support sustainable agriculture.