Journal of Economic and Social Dynamics

Abstract

Jordan is a strategically important country in the Middle East, occupying a critical geographical position between major regional powers and conflict zones. Despite its relative political stability, Jordan faces a wide range of strategic challenges that affect its national security, economic development, and political resil ience. This abstract examines the major challenges confronting Jordan and considers their implications for the country’s future stability. One of Jordan’s most significant challenges is regional instability. Conflicts in neighboring Syria, Iraq, and Israel-Palestine have created security pressures, increased refugee movements, and complicated Jordan’s foreign-policy choices. The country has also faced the consequences of terrorism, border insecurity, and the spread of regional rivalries. Managing these threats while maintaining balanced relations with regional and international partners remains a major strategic priority. Economic vulnerability represents another important challenge. Jordan has limited natural resources, particularly water and energy, and depends substantially on external assistance, trade, and foreign investment. High unemployment, espe cially among young people, combined with public debt and rising living costs, creates additional social and political pressures. Water scarcity and climate change further increase the country’s long-term vulnerability. Jordan must also address domestic political and social challenges. Public expectations for economic reform, employment opportunities, better governance, and political participation continue to grow. At the same time, maintaining social cohesion while accommodating different demographic and political interests requires careful policymaking. Nevertheless, Jordan possesses important strategic advantages, including a professional security sector, experienced diplomacy, and strong relationships with international partners. Its geographic position also provides opportunities for regional cooperation in trade, transportation, energy, and security. Overall, Jordan’s strategic challenges are interconnected and cannot be addressed through security measures alone. A comprehensive strategy combining economic reform, political stability, resource management, region al diplomacy, and international cooperation is essential for strengthening Jordan’s resilience and ensuring sustainable national development