Journal of Economic and Social Dynamics

Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the integration of sustainable agriculture practices within policy frameworks and their implementation in Odisha, India, utilizing secondary data from published litera ture and agency reports. The research employs a desk-based methodology, combining a systematic review of academic literature, critical analysis of government policy documents, and evaluation of case studies reported by research institutions and non-governmental organizations. The 4Rs framework (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recovery) serves as the primary conceptual lens to evaluate resource efficiency and circular economy principles in Odisha's agricultural sector. The policy analysis scrutinizes key national and state-level initi atives, including the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) and the Odisha Millet Mission (OMM). An econometric analysis of synthesized district-level data was conducted to identify drivers of adop tion. Findings indicate a growing convergence between policy objectives and grassroots innovations. Success es are evident in millet revival, community-led watershed management, and FPO-led agroecology. Economet ric results highlight the significant positive role of Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) density and women’s self-help group (SHG) credit access in driving adoption. However, challenges persist, including fragmented institutional coordination, policy misalignment, and difficulties in scaling pilots. The study concludes that a more integrated, participatory, and context-specific policy approach is essential, offering insights relevant for other climate-vulnerable agrarian regions.a