Journal of Advanced Diabetes Research

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a major global health challenge and a primary driver of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Identifying effective therapeutic strategies is essential to mitigate morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on modern therapeutic interventions for obesity and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing or managing obesity-driven chronic diseases, with critical evaluation of methodological limitations.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched (2015–2025) according to PRISMA guidelines. Keywords included “obesity,” “chronic disease,” “therapeutic interventions,” and “cardiometabolic health.” Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews reporting clinical outcomes. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using Cochrane and Newcastle-Ottawa tools.

Results: Out of 1,234 records, 112 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions included lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and digital health solutions. Multi-modal strategies combining lifestyle and pharmacotherapy or surgery demonstrated the greatest short-term improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes.

Conclusions: Modern therapeutic strategies targeting obesity show promise in reducing chronic disease risk. However, potential publication bias, heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes, and limited long-term follow-up warrant cautious interpretation. Future research should focus on standardized outcome measures, long-term efficacy, and personalized intervention strategies.