Journal of Biomedical Advancement Scientific Research

Abstract

Biofortification refers to the enhancement of the nutrient profile of staple crops through methods such as traditional breeding, improved agronomic practices, and modern biotechnological tools. The process is designed in a way that preserves the desirable traits valued by both farmers and consumers. It is considered a nutrition-sensitive agricultural intervention aimed at lowering the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. Current research and implementation efforts include the enrichment of cassava, maize, rice, and sweet potato with pro-vitamin A carotenoids; maize, rice, and wheat with zinc; and beans, cowpea, and pearl millet with iron.

Globally, more than half of the population experiences inadequate intake of vital micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and essential vitamins. While supplementation and industrial fortification have been beneficial in addressing these deficiencies, additional strategies are required, especially for underserved populations in remote rural regions. Biofortification provides an effective solution by not only increasing the nutritional value of crops but also contributing to better yields and agricultural sustainability. In low- and middle-income countries, integrating higher levels of nutrients directly into staple crops ensures a more sustainable supply of essential micronutrients.

Evidence from feasibility and impact studies, along with progress in dissemination approaches, demonstrates that biofortification has strong potential as a long-term response to hidden hunger