Abstract
There is a wide range of chemotherapeutic options for many cutaneous diseases. Despite their usefulness in many skin conditions, some patients either do not respond to traditional therapies or are concerned about the serious side effects. Gene editing (GE) treatments, particularly those Clustered Regularly In terspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-mediated ones, are good alternatives. This review aims to integrate all classes of CRISPR nucleases—DNA and RNA targeting—into the collection of clinical tools available to the practicing dermatologist. For this purpose, the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were explored. The CRISPR systems beyond the commonly used Cas9, such as the advancement of Cas12 and Cas13 variants, as well as base editing (BE), and the prime editing (PE) innovations, have taken center stage. This confirms remarkable precision and efficiency in targeted ex vivo and in vivo gene modifications, allowing more intricate reformation and therapeutic interventions. Various delivery mo dalities for CRISPR therapeutics, including microneedles and transdermal areas, are uniquely right for dermatological diseases. Several preclinical clinical trials for the treatment of monogenic cutaneous dis orders are in the initial phases on their way. However, there are, so far, no CRISPR-mediated treatments for complex or polygenic cutaneous conditions that exist today. Such therapies may become a real fact shortly. Certain limitations and safety concerns can be resolved. Integrating microarray analysis, Arti f icial Intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and molecular docking will be important for identifying core target genes and exploring the toxic mechanisms associated with drug-induced diseases.
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