Abstract

Background: Programmed ventricular stimulation is a vital electrophysiological technique used to evaluate ventricular arrhythmia risks and inform therapeutic strategies, particularly for automatic defibrillator im plantation.

Objective: This article aims to review advancements in programmed ventricular stimulation protocols, explore new applications, and address limitations and future directions for its role in predictive cardiology.

The review synthesizes recent literature on programmed ventricular stimulation, focusing on adap tive algorithms, artificial intelligence integration, and its expanded use in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and ablation therapy evaluation.

Results: Advances in programmed ventricular stimulation include adaptive algorithms and artificial intel ligence, improving diagnostic accuracy. Its application now extends to non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and ablation guidance, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. However, limitations such as inter-patient variability and risks of inducing unstable arrhythmias persist. Future prospects involve personalizing protocols using genetic biomarkers, developing non-invasive devices, and standardizing procedures to reduce variability.

Conclusion: Programmed ventricular stimulation remains a cornerstone in assessing and managing ven tricular arrhythmias, with technological advancements broadening its clinical utility. Despite challenges, its integration into predictive cardiology is promising. Multicenter research is essential to standardize protocols and validate innovations for optimized clinical use.

DOI: doi.org/10.63721/25JCVI0104

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